Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon

Pour toute information : www.espacetetedor.com

Le colloque "NeuroComp 2010  LYON"  aura lieu du 6 au 8 octobre 2010 et sera précédé le 5 octobre 2010 à 18h30 d'une conférence grand public sur le thème "Interface Cerveau-machine" à la Bibliothèque Municipale de la Part-Dieu.
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Dr Michel Toupet, Paris
modérateur : Prof Caroline Tilikete
invité par Dr Françoise DURAND-DUBIEF et  Prof. Christian CONFAVREUX

Claire SERGENT, Paris

invité par Fabien Perrin, UMR5020

Résumé :
How do non-communicating patients in vegetative or minimally-conscious state experience the world around them? This important human and medical issue has become a challenge for modern neuroimaging. Since the  attentional system is a critical enabling factor for conscious perception, testing its preservation in non-communicating patients constitutes a critical step in assessing their ability to consciously perceive. We built up a simple EEG test aimed at revealing a robust neural signature of attentional orienting in space. We cued the
attention of patients or control subjects to their left or right by calling their own name, and tested the orienting of attention using a probe sound presented to the same side or the other side. Since recent studies have show that even some vegetative patients exhibit a differential response to hearing their own name relative to other names, the subjects’ own name was used as an ecological stimulus that should maximize the attentional orienting effect.

Catherine Fischer, Praticien Hospitalier (Hôpital Neurologique Lyon/Bron et laboratoire Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition, Inserm-UCBL Lyon1 U821.

Certaines maladies ou situations accidentelles entraînent la perte de conscience plus ou moins prolongée. Les patients sont alors dans le coma, en état végétatif ou de conscience minimale. On ne peut plus communiquer avec eux. Ils semblent définitivement absents. Pendant longtemps on a cru leur cerveau 'inactif' ou 'éteint' ou définitivement hors d'état de traiter les informations sensorielles de l'environnement ou les émotions. Qu'en est-il ? Les explorations fonctionnelles cérébrales actuelles peuvent déceler de surprenants états du cerveau. Les patients inconscients sont-ils vraiment inconscients ?

http://php.bm-lyon.fr/phpmyagenda/infoevent3.php3?id=5081

Pr Patrick Haggard , London

invité par Alessandro Farne, U864.

The capacity for voluntary action is seen as essential to human nature. Yet neuroscience and behaviourist psychology have traditionally dismissed the topic
as unscientific, perhaps because the mechanisms that cause actions have long been
unclear. However, new research has identified networks of brain areas, including the
pre-supplementary motor area, the anterior prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex,
that underlie voluntary action. These areas generate information for forthcoming actions, and also cause the distinctive conscious experience of intending to act and then controlling one?s own actions. Volition consists of a series of decisions regarding whether to act, what action to perform and when to perform it. Neuroscientific accounts of voluntary action may inform debates about the nature of individual responsibility.